Pathans, Pashtuns and Afghan, Three names of one diaspora which exist in Central and Southeast Asia for millennium BC. They are mainly settled in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India with a population of more than 60 million, however, there are also found in Arab states, the US, Canada and other countries on minorities. They are known for their powerful built, resilient spirit, hospitality and rivalry. The Taliban are the latest example is the resilience of Afghan for Independence from a foreign army.
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| The Cities of Indus Civilization (Curtesy- US Federal Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons) |
Although Archeological evidence shows that the population existed in Afghanistan around 50,000BC. The tribes from the East Iran plateau started migrated some 20,000 years and settle near the banks of Amu Darya. White Huns, Medes, Persian and Greek were migrated and invaded in the some earliest cities of Afghanistan. Some of the tribes were settled in Hulmund. which later, either due to migration pressure or invasion entered Balochistan.
It may be possible that there may be a trade link between these tribes and Sumerians, the first civilization in the world. The Sumerians had inventions like Lawmakers, the wheel, writing and organized trades with contemporary civilisations or small cities which included Afghan Settlements. The use of lapis Lazuli, marbles and gold in Sumerian art is evident and the Lapis Lazuli is abundantly found in Afghanistan and recorded history shown the trade of Lapis Lazuli to Mesopotamia and further to Egypt.
These Tribes had built farming communities and cities around the Amu Darya. Continuous migration and assaults from the tribes from the west forced communities to settle toward the eastwards and thus after Afghanistan, these tribes entered Balochistan where Mehrgarh settlements were established. Those who made these settlements may have entered Balochistan more than 10,000 years ago. It may be arguable either those tribes have the Sumerians connection or they had migrated before the Sumerians took over settlements of Ubaidains, earlier people of Mesopotamia and established city-states.
The people, who built Mehrgarh, were the first settlement in present-day Pakistan and Central India. The Mehrgarh was the first plan city in the world. All home was made along the central road. They were mainly farmers and herdmen. They were among the first dental care practitioner. Some of the bodies discover from settlements has proved root canal sort of surgery. Other small settlements were also established by these earlier people in Balochistan and they slowly occupied deep in present-day Pakistan. All these cities are similar in design therefore it is evident that these are the same people who built Mehrgarh and Indus Civilisation.
Before coming to Indus Civilisation and the pre-Vedic age of Hinduism, it is also worth mentioning that the emerging population for the grassing green lands pushed people from upper Afghanistan into present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These people were fair in colour and of big height. They were strongly built and have bronze weapons. The people from Mehrgarh have trade connection in southern India and the same migration was going from south India to Central India. It may be possible at this stage that migration from south India to Balochistan and viz-versa, continued throughout centuries.
It is also worth noting that a new civilization famed as Indus Civilization started taking shape at the same point when Mehrgarh settlements were formed. However, as earlier in this article states that they belonged to Eastern Iran. These people were coming from mountains from present-day Russia or Anatolia. The reason behind this is that the earliest wheat is grown widely in eastern Turkey near the Karacadag Range. As the migration in Central Asia and Iran continue through history from the west therefore, it may be possible that farming was the introduction in Southeast Asia was introduced through these Migrants from the west.
Indus Civilization was born out of Mehrgarh and this is evident from the city's layout plan. It is much similar to Merhgarh. The only addition to this is the introduction of the sewerage system. otherwise, all the city plan is almost similar, however, both cities are about 5,000 years apart. Archaeology suggested that Mohinjo Daro, the Flagship site of the Indus Civilization, was destroyed 3 to 4 time in history and the new city was built on the debris, However it final decline somewhere about 5,000 years.
The amazing fact is that the era of writing of the Vedas begins after the destruction of Indus Civilisation. The Most popular theory called Aryans Theory regarding the destruction of the Indus civilization may be the truth but these Aryan were also responsible for the creation of the Indus Civilisation. It can be possible that the "Aryan" that's destroyed the Indus Civilization gem "Mohanjo Daro", were came from either Afghanistan or Khyber Pakhtoon Khuwa (KPK).
The "Aryan people" were actually ancestors of Pakhtuns who came in from Afghanistan around 5000 years ago and settled in Punjab. The Vedic period started after the end of Indian civilization and Aryan people spread all over Central India. After the conquest, the new religion comes into being with the mixing of Aryan and native people in which the caste (Verna) system was created. The Priest (Brahmins), The Soldiers and Kings (Kshatriyas), Tradesmen and Agriculturist (Vaishyas) and Labours and Service provider (Shudras). Brahmins were on the top because, at that time, the religious people were the head of the community however, they need Kshatriyas, the lower caste then Brahmin, therein came Rajput, Son of Kings. If we see the Punjabis clans in Pakistan and Indian central are mainly Rajput. Earlier there was no restriction in caste crossing in between which was later on blocked.
All the Punjabis in Present-day, Pakistan are from the Rajput or Kshatriyas class. These were powerful and had all the authorities therefore, they are made up of clans like Chohan, Vohra, Minhas, Saharan, Bhattis etc. Alexander the Great and Raja Puras fought in Jehlum. Raja Porus was Saharan Rajput. After the defeat, the major Rajputs clans were migrated to Gujrat where they made their state till the 15th Century. Some of the Rajputs clans also settled in Sindh these are Chandravanshi Rajputs Pahor clan and use Jam, Malik or Khan with their name.
The war in fact was fought in or around Mohenjo Daro. There is a legend that exists in some old tribes of Newzealand that their ancestors ran from the war from areas somewhere that exist between India and Iran about 5000 years ago. These people migrated all the way to the west and finally some settle at Newzealand. They are known as Fairy people. It is also believed that the Heads on Easter Island was also the work of one of the broken group of these Mohanjo Daro's people. There are certain Red Indian tribes which are said to have Asian ancestry. Imagine, a group of 5000 people flew from war and travel all around the world, leaving marks.
In my opinion, all the Punjabis and some of the Sindhi Clan have shared similar ancestries with Pakhtuns and the Hinduism was coming out from the merging of, maybe, two different believes that came out after the ending of the Indus Civilization in the middle or late Bronze age. Rajputs have a similar physique as Pakhtuns are and share some similarities like strong religious believes. Although Rajputs when started living on Land, their attributes become difference from Pakhtun living on Mountain and harsh terrains, whereas Rajputs after leaving on plains built huge cities but their physique was also changed during thousand of centries. They took traders job and settle all over the sub-continent.
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